Implantable Remote Control

ABSTRACT

The present application discloses systems, methods, and articles of manufacture for controlling one or more functions of a device utilizing one or more tags. In one example, a method for controlling one or more functions of a medical device includes scanning a data interface of the medical device for signals induced wirelessly by one or more gestures made with one or more tags associated with a recipient of the medical device and controlling one or more functions of the medical device based on the wirelessly induced signals.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/186,178filed on Jul. 19, 2011, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,579,510 on Feb.28, 2017, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

Various types of hearing prostheses may provide persons with differenttypes of hearing loss with the ability to perceive sound. Hearing lossmay be conductive, sensorineural, or some combination of both conductiveand sensorineural. Conductive hearing loss typically results from adysfunction in any of the mechanisms that ordinarily conduct sound wavesthrough the outer ear, the eardrum, or the bones of the middle ear.Sensorineural hearing loss typically results from a dysfunction in theinner ear, including the cochlea where sound vibrations are convertedinto neural signals, or any other part of the ear, auditory nerve, orbrain that may process the neural signals.

Persons with some forms of conductive hearing loss may benefit fromhearing prostheses, such as acoustic hearing aids or vibration-basedhearing devices. An acoustic hearing aid typically includes a smallmicrophone to detect sound, an amplifier to amplify certain portions ofthe detected sound, and a small speaker to transmit the amplified soundsinto the person's ear. Vibration-based hearing devices typically includea small microphone to detect sound and a vibration mechanism to applyvibrations corresponding to the detected sound to a person's bone,thereby causing vibrations in the person's inner ear and bypassing theperson's auditory canal and middle ear. Vibration-based hearing devicesmay include bone anchored devices, direct acoustic cochlear stimulationdevices, or other vibration-based devices. A bone anchored devicetypically utilizes a surgically-implanted mechanism to transmitvibrations corresponding to sound via the skull. A direct acousticcochlear stimulation device also typically utilizes asurgically-implanted mechanism to transmit vibrations corresponding tosound, but bypasses the skull and more directly stimulates the innerear. Other non-surgical vibration-based hearing devices may use similarvibration mechanisms to transmit sound via direct vibration of teeth orother cranial or facial bones.

Persons with certain forms of sensorineural hearing loss may benefitfrom prostheses, such as cochlear implants and/or auditory brainstemimplants. For example, cochlear implants may provide a person havingsensorineural hearing loss with the ability to perceive sound bystimulating the person's auditory nerve via an array of electrodesimplanted in the person's cochlea. A component of the cochlear implantdetects sound waves, which are converted into a series of electricalstimulation signals delivered to the implant recipient's cochlea via thearray of electrodes. Auditory brainstem implants may use technologysimilar to cochlear implants, but instead of applying electricalstimulation to a person's cochlea, auditory brainstem implants applyelectrical stimulation directly to a person's brain stem, bypassing thecochlea altogether. Electrically stimulating auditory nerves in acochlea with a cochlear implant or electrically stimulating a brainstemmay enable persons with sensorineural hearing loss to perceive sound.

Such prostheses typically include a user interface to control variousfunctions thereof. For example, the user interface may include physicalbuttons, switches, dials, and the like that are disposed on a prosthesisand used to turn the prosthesis on and off, to adjust the volume, changesettings or operating modes, adjust other audio processing parameters,such as gain, sensitivity, frequency filtering, etc. In another example,the user interface may include a separate remote control thatcommunicates with the prosthesis in any known wired or wireless manner,such as through a radio frequency, infrared light, laser light, and/orvisible light signal.

SUMMARY

The present application discloses systems, methods, and articles ofmanufacture for allowing a user to control various functions of adevice, such as a hearing prosthesis. In some embodiments, one or moretags are used that communicate wirelessly with the device. The tag(s)may be attached to the user's hand, such as on or under the skin of theuser's fingers. In another example, the tag(s) may be coupled tofingertips of a glove or a ring-type structure.

Some embodiments are directed to a method for controlling one or morefunctions of a medical device and include scanning a data interface ofthe medical device for signals induced wirelessly by one or moregestures made with one or more tags associated with a recipient of themedical device and controlling one or more functions of the medicaldevice based on the wirelessly induced signals. In some embodiments, themedical device may be fully or partially implanted in a recipient. Inother embodiments, the medical device may be an external device worn bythe recipient rather than implanted in the recipient.

Other embodiments may include a medical device that has a data interfaceconfigured to receive wireless signals induced by a one or more of aplurality of tags associated with a recipient of the medical device anda processor configured to interpret the induced signals to control aplurality of functions of the medical device.

Yet other embodiments may be directed to a method of operating a devicethat includes scanning the device for signals induced wirelessly by oneor more tags implanted in a user of the device, processing thewirelessly induced signals to identify one or more gestures made withthe one or more tags, and performing one of a plurality of functions ofthe device in response to the one or more gestures.

Further embodiments may be directed to a device that includes means forreceiving signals from user coupled means for wirelessly inducing suchsignals and means for interpreting the induced signals as one or moregestures made by the user coupled means to control one or more functionsof the device.

Still other embodiments may include an article of manufacture withcomputer readable media having instructions encoded thereon forinterpreting signals induced wirelessly at a data interface of a deviceby one or more of a plurality of tags and for controlling a plurality offunctions of the device in accordance with the wirelessly inducedsignals.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a hearing prosthesis systemaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of the tag(s) and the data interfaceof FIG. 1 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of the hearing prosthesis systemof FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are flowcharts showing examples of methods forcontrolling various functions of the hearing prosthesis of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of an algorithm for controllingvarious functions of the hearing prosthesis of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an article of manufacture includingcomputer readable media with instructions for causing one or moreprocessors or controllers to execute a method for controlling variousfunctions of the hearing prosthesis of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following detailed description describes various features,functions, and attributes of the disclosed systems, methods, andarticles of manufacture with reference to the accompanying figures. Inthe figures, similar symbols typically identify similar components,unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodimentsdescribed herein are not meant to be limiting. Certain aspects of thedisclosed systems, methods, and articles of manufacture can be arrangedand combined in a wide variety of different configurations, all of whichare contemplated herein.

For illustration purposes, some features and functions are describedwith respect to cochlear implants. However, many features and functionsmay be equally applicable to other types of hearing prostheses and toother types of devices, including other types of medical and non-medicaldevices.

FIG. 1 shows one example system 100 that includes a hearing prosthesis102 configured according to some embodiments of the disclosed systems,methods, and articles of manufacture. The hearing prosthesis 102 may bea cochlear implant, an acoustic hearing aid, a bone anchored device, adirect acoustic stimulation device, an auditory brain stem implant, orany other type of hearing prosthesis configured to assist a prosthesisrecipient in perceiving sound.

The hearing prosthesis 102 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a datainterface 104, one or more microphones 106, one or more microcontrollersor processors 108, an output signal interface 110, data storage 112, anda power supply 114 all of which may be connected directly or indirectlyvia a system bus or other known circuitry 116. The one or moremicrophones 106 may include combinations of one or more omnidirectionaland directional microphones so that the hearing prosthesis 102 can beconfigured to process background sounds and/or to focus on sounds from aspecific direction, such as generally in front of the prosthesisrecipient. Further, the power supply 114 supplies power to variouscomponents of the hearing prosthesis 102 and may be any suitable powersupply, such as a non-rechargeable or rechargeable battery. In oneexample, the power supply 114 is a battery that can be rechargedwirelessly, such as through inductive charging. Such a wirelesslyrechargeable battery would facilitate complete subcutaneous implantationof the hearing prosthesis 102 to provide a fully-implantable prosthesis.A fully implanted medical device, such as a fully implanted hearingprosthesis, has the added benefit of enabling the recipient to engage inactivities that expose the recipient to water or high atmosphericmoisture, such as swimming, showering, saunaing, etc., without the needto remove, disable or protect, such as with a water/moisture proofcovering or shield, the medical device. A fully implanted medical devicealso spares the recipient of stigma, imagined or otherwise, associatedwith use of the medical device.

The data storage 112 may include any suitable volatile and/ornon-volatile storage components. Further, the data storage 112 mayinclude computer-readable program instructions and perhaps additionaldata. In some embodiments, the data storage 112 may store data andinstructions used to perform at least part of the herein-describedmethods and algorithms and/or at least part of the functionality of thesystems described herein.

Various modifications can be made to the hearing prosthesis 102illustrated in FIG. 1 without departing from the spirit of the presentdisclosure, for example, the prosthesis may include additional or fewercomponents arranged in any suitable manner. Further, depending on thetype and design of the hearing prosthesis 102, the illustratedcomponents may be enclosed within a single operational unit ordistributed across multiple operational units (e.g., two or moreinternal units or an external unit and an internal unit).

Generally, in use, the microphone(s) 106 are configured to receiveexternal acoustic signals 120 and the processor 108 is configured toanalyze and encode the acoustic signals into output signals 122 forapplication to the implant recipient via the output signal interface110.

More particularly, in embodiments where the hearing prosthesis 102 is acochlear implant, the microphone(s) 106 may be configured to receiveexternal acoustic signals 120, and the processor 108 may be configuredto analyze and encode the acoustic signals into electrical stimulationoutput signals 122 for application to an implant recipient's cochlea viathe output signal interface 110, which may include an array ofelectrodes, for example. In one example, the hearing prosthesis 102 is acochlear implant similar or identical to a Cochlear™ Nucleus® hearingprosthesis.

In embodiments where the hearing prosthesis 102 is an acoustic hearingaid, the microphone(s) 106 may be configured to receive acoustic signals120, and the processor 108 may be configured to analyze and encode theacoustic signals into acoustic output signals 122 for applying to arecipient's ear via the output signal interface 110 comprising aspeaker, for example.

For embodiments where the hearing prosthesis 102 is a bone anchoreddevice, the microphone(s) 106 may be configured to receive acousticsignals 120, and the processor 108 may be configured to analyze andencode the acoustic signals into mechanical vibration output signals 122for applying to the bone anchored device recipient's skull via theoutput signal interface 110 that may include a mechanism to transmitsound via direct bone vibrations. In one example, the hearing prosthesis102 is a bone anchored device similar or identical to a Cochlear™ Baha®bone anchored device.

Similarly, for embodiments where the hearing prosthesis 102 is a directacoustic cochlear stimulation (DACS) device, the microphone(s) 106 maybe configured to analyze and encode the acoustic signals 120 intomechanical vibration output signals 122 for applying to the DACSrecipient's inner ear via the output signal interface 110 that mayinclude a mechanism to transmit sound via direct vibration. In addition,for embodiments where the hearing prosthesis 102 is an auditory brainstem implant, the microphone(s) 106 may be configured to analyze andencode the acoustic signals 120 into electrical stimulation outputsignals 122 for applying to the auditory brain stem implant recipient'sauditory nerve via the output signal interface 110 that may include oneor more electrodes.

Referring now to the data interface 104, the interface may be utilizedto load a recipient's program or “MAP” into the prosthesis 102 andstored in the data storage 112. A recipient's program or MAP allows thehearing prosthesis to be configured for or fitted to a recipient andgenerally includes configuration settings and other data that defineshow the processor 108 of the prosthesis 102 analyzes and convertsacoustic signals 120 received by the microphone(s) 106 to output signals122 transmitted to the prosthesis recipient via the output signalinterface 110. Typically, a computing device 124 can be used to executefitting software for a particular hearing prosthesis 102 and load therecipient's program to the data interface 102 through a communicationconnection 126. The communication connection 126 may be any suitablewired connection, such as an Ethernet cable, a Universal Serial Busconnection, a twisted pair wire, a coaxial cable, a fiber-optic link, ora similar physical connection, or any suitable wireless connection, suchas Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and the like.

The data interface 104 may also be utilized by the recipient or a thirdparty, such as a guardian of a minor recipient or a health careprofessional, to control various functions of the hearing prosthesis102. The functions may include, for example, turning the prosthesis 102on and off, adjusting the volume, switching between one or moreoperating modes, adjusting other audio processing parameters, such asgain, sensitivity, frequency filtering, etc. Operating modes mayinclude, by way of non-limiting examples, a telephone mode for use witha telephone handset or mobile phone, a direct audio mode that connectsthe prosthesis directly to an audio source, such as a music player,television, public address system, etc., an omnidirectional microphonemode that processes all background sounds received by the microphone(s)106, and a directional microphone mode that amplifies or focuses onsounds coming from a specific direction, such as sounds coming from infront of the recipient.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, one or more tags 128 may be used by therecipient or third party to communicate with the hearing prosthesis 102via the data interface 104 and a communication connection 130 to controlthe various functions of the hearing prosthesis 102. In one example, thetag(s) 128 are self-contained devices that are able to communicatewirelessly with the data interface 104 without a power source directlycoupled thereto. Although in some examples, a power source may bedirectly coupled to the tag(s) 128. In one example, the data interface104 includes a suitable transmitter/receiver for transmittingelectrical, magnetic, and/or electromagnetic signals and receiving areturn signal induced by the tag(s) 128. Such return signals may then beprocessed and interpreted by a processor, such as the processor 108, touniquely or generically identify each of the one or more tags 128 and tocontrol one or more functions of the hearing prosthesis 102.

The hearing prosthesis 102 may be programmed by the computing device 124via the communication connection 126 to the data interface 104 toidentify one or more tags 128, to identify gestures made by the tag(s),as will be described in more detail hereinafter, and to control one ormore functions of the hearing prosthesis 102. Such programming may beperformed during a fitting session of the hearing prosthesis 102 to theuser or at any other appropriate time to associate the tag(s) 128 withuser and the prosthesis 102.

Referring now to FIG. 2, the tag(s) 128 may include a resonant tankcircuit 150, which has, for example, an integrated circuit 152 coupledto an inductor or coil 154 and a capacitor 156, similar to known tankcircuits used as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The tag(s)128 may be passive RFID tags that can be read by the data interface 104,which may include one or more suitable antennas 158, such as a loopantenna, an open dipole antenna, and the like. In one example, theantenna 158 is a loop antenna with a small number of turns, for example,two turns with a relatively large diameter, which increasesdetectability of the tag(s) 128 and reduces the power consumption neededto transmit signals therefrom. In another example, the antenna 158includes multiple antennas arranged in an array, which may facilitatethe interpretation of gestures made by the tag(s) 128, as described inmore detail herein.

In another example, the tag(s) 128 may include one or more passiveresonant circuits 160. The passive resonant circuit(s) 160 may be formedfrom an LC circuit, such as the tank circuit 150 including the inductor154 and the capacitor 156 without the optional integrated circuit 152.Other passive resonant circuit(s) 160 may include ceramic and/orpiezoelectric material resonators, for example, whereby the circuit(s)160 may be actuated or energized and a resonant frequency of theresonator detected by the antenna(s) 158, for example.

In yet another example, the tag(s) 128 may include one or more magnets162 and the data interface 104 may include a magnetosensitive element orreader 164 for detecting the presence of the magnet(s). Suchmagnetosensitive element or reader 162 may include, for example, a hallsensor, a reed switch, and/or a giant magneto-resistive sensor fordetecting a magnetic field generated by the magnet(s) 162. In thepresent example, the processor 108 is configured to interpret thepresence of the magnetic field generated by the magnets 162 to controlone or more functions of the prosthesis 102.

In accordance with another example of the present disclosure, the tag(s)128 are configured to be disposed on a user, such as by being implantedsubcutaneously under the skin of the recipient or third party orotherwise attached over the skin of the recipient or third party. Forexample, in some embodiments, the user may correspond to a recipient'sparent or caregiver. A benefit of the tag(s) 128 being implantedsubcutaneously under the skin is that the user can engage in activitiesthat expose the user to water or high atmospheric moisture, such asswimming, showering, saunaing, etc., without the need to remove, disableor protect, such as with a water/moisture proof covering or shield, thetag(s) 128. Yet another benefit of the tag(s) 128 being implantablesubcutaneously under the skin is that the user cannot lose the tag(s)and his or her ability to control the prosthesis 102.

Alternatively, the tag(s) 128 may be disposed on a structure worn,associated with, or attached to a user, such as by being disposed onfingertips of a glove, on one or more rings, on one or more bracelets,incorporated into a watch, coupled to a cellular phone, and the like.FIG. 3 illustrates an example, where a plurality of tags 128A, 128B,128C, and 128D are disposed on or subcutaneously in finger tips of theuser's hand 180. The tags 128A-128D may be protected by or disposed in abiocompatible layer or housing 182 that allows for the transmission ofelectrical and/or magnetic fields therethrough. One or more of the tags128A-128D may be identified uniquely by a hearing prosthesis 202, forexample by a having distinct RFID tags or a magnets with unique magneticfields. Such unique magnetic fields may be generated by differentorientations of the north and south poles of the magnets with respect tofingers of the user and/or by magnets having magnetic fields ofdifferent magnitude. The hearing prosthesis 202 of FIG. 3 illustratessome but not all of the components of FIG. 1, it being understood thatthe prosthesis 202 may include additional components that are notvisible in FIG. 3.

Referring now more particularly to FIG. 4A and with further reference toFIGS. 1-3, one example method 240 is illustrated for controlling variousfunctions of a hearing prosthesis utilizing one or more RFID or similartags 128 and a data interface 104 that includes one or more antenna(s)158, for example. At a block 242, the antenna(s) 158 are energized togenerate a pulse or a series of pulses, such as RF signal pulses. In oneexample, a series of pulses having a duration of about lms to about 10ms are generated about every 100 ms to about every 500 ms. Such periodicpulses help to conserve power consumption by the hearing prosthesis 102.Thereafter, control passes to a block 244 to control the processor 108to scan the data interface 104 for any signals induced by the presenceof one or more tags 128. In one example, the pulses generated by theantenna(s) 158 excite the coil 154 of a nearby tag 128 and charge thecapacitor 156, which in turn energizes and powers the IC 152. The IC 152then transmits identifying information via the coil 154 to the datainterface 104. In another example, the block 244 can be performedbefore, during, and/or after the generation of the pulses at the block242. Next, control passes to a block 246 and the processor 108interprets such identifying information to control one or more functionsof the prosthesis 102 at a block 248. Thereafter, the control may loopback to the block 242 to repeat the method 240.

In one non-limiting example of the block 248, if the unique tag 128A isidentified by the processor 108, then the processor 108 may turn off thehearing prosthesis 202. If the unique tag 128B is identified by theprocessor 108, then the processor 108 may turn on the hearing prosthesis202. If the unique tag 128C is identified by the processor 108, then theprocessor 108 may turn the volume up on the hearing prosthesis 202, andif the unique tag 128D is identified by the processor 108, then theprocessor 108 may turn the volume down.

Referring now more particularly to FIG. 4B and with further reference toFIGS. 1-3, another example method 260 is illustrated for controllingvarious functions of a hearing prosthesis utilizing magnetic or similartags 128 and one or more magnetosensitive element 164. At a block 262,the processor 108 is controlled to scan the data interface 104 for anysignals induced by the presence of one or more tags 128. In one example,a tag 128 brought into proximity of the magnetosensitive element(s) 164induces a signal that is interpreted by the processor at a block 264.Control then passes to a block 266 to control one or more functions ofthe prosthesis 102, 202 in accordance with the induced signal.Thereafter, control may loop back to the block 262 to repeat the method260.

Referring now to FIG. 5, an example algorithm 300 is illustrated forinterpreting signals induced by the tag(s) 128 to control functions ofhearing prostheses, such as the hearing prostheses 102, 202 disclosedherein. More particularly, the algorithm 300 is adapted to interpretgestures made by one or more tags 128 brought into proximity with thedata interface 104. To facilitate the interpretation of gestures, aprocessor, such as the processor 108 described above, is configured tointerpret signals induced at the data interface 104 by the tag(s) 128 todetermine characteristics of movement of such tags, such as a directionof movement, speed, acceleration, etc. To further facilitate theinterpretation of gestures, the data interface 104 may include an arrayof transmitters/receivers, such as an array of antennas 158 and/or anarray of magnetosensitive elements or readers 164.

The algorithm 300 begins at a start block 302 and passes to a decisionblock 304. The decision block 304 determines if a first tag A, such asthe tag 128A, has induced a signal at the data interface 104. If so,control passes to a block 306, which determines if a second tag B, suchas the tag 128B, has also induced a signal at the data interface 104. Ifso, control passes to a decision block 308, which determines if a firstgesture has been made with the tags 128A, 128B.

Generally, a gesture may be characterized by the detection of two ormore tags 128 brought into proximity of the hearing prosthesis 102, 202and being generally held stationary for a predetermined time period,such as for between about 0.5 to 1.0 seconds. Alternatively or inconjunction, a gesture may be characterized by the detection of apredetermined movement of one or more tags 128. The predeterminedmovement may be a relatively simple linear movement or a complexmulti-part series of movements, including non-linear movement and speedand/or direction changes, for example. Consequently, a multitude ofdifferent gestures can be used to control any desired function of ahearing prosthesis 102, 202 or any other suitable device. The complexityof such gestures may depend, in part, on the dexterity or abilities ofthe user. For example, for an individual with limited finger dexteritythe gestures may be fairly simple, such as bringing one or more tagsinto proximity of the device for a predetermined time period. For anindividual with good finger dexterity the gestures may be more complexand include, for example, non-linear movement, direction changes,tapping motions, etc.

Referring again to the decision block 308, in one example, the tag 128Ais disposed proximate a tip of a recipient's index finger and the tag128B is disposed proximate a tip of a recipient's middle finger. In thepresent example, the first gesture is characterized by holding both tags128A, 128B together, bringing them proximate to the data interface 104,which may be disposed on a side of the recipient's head, and moving bothtags forward generally toward the recipient's eyes. If the decisionblock 308 determines that the first gesture is being made, controlpasses to a block 310 and the prosthesis 102, 202 is controlled toimplement a function V. In the present example, the function V is toimplement a directional microphone mode that amplifies or focuses onsounds coming from in front of the recipient. After the block 310,control passes back to the start 302.

If the first gesture is not detected at the block 308, control passes toa decision block 312 to determine if a second gesture has been made withthe tags 128A, 128B. In the present example, the second gesture ischaracterized by holding both tags 128A, 128B together, bringing themproximate to the data interface 104, which may be disposed on a side ofthe recipient's head, and moving the tags away from each other. If thedecision block 312 determines that the second gesture is being made,control passes to a block 314 and the prosthesis 102, 202 is controlledto implement a function W. In the present example, the function W is toimplement an omnidirectional microphone mode that processes all soundsreceived by the microphone(s) 106, including background sounds.Thereafter, control passes back to the start 302.

Referring back to the decision block 306, if the second tag B is notdetected, then control passes to a block 316 and the prosthesis 102, 202is controlled to implement a function X. In the present example, thefunction X corresponds to only tag A being brought into proximity withthe data interface 104, to turn the prosthesis 102, 202 on and off.Thereafter, control passes back to the start 302.

At the decision block 304, if the tag A has not been detected, controlpasses to a block 318 to determine if the tag B has been detected. Ifnot, control passes back to the start 302. If the block 318 detects thetag B, then control passes to a decision block 320 to determine if athird gesture is being made. In the present example, the third gestureis characterized by bringing only the tag B into proximity with the datainterface 104 and moving the tag B upwardly. If the decision block 320determines that the third gesture is being made, control passes to ablock 322 and the prosthesis 102, 202 is controlled to implement afunction Y. In the present example, the function Y is to turn up thevolume on the prosthesis 102, 202. Thereafter, control passes back tothe start 302.

At the decision block 320, if the third gesture is not being made,control passes to a decision block 324 to determine if a fourth gestureis being made. In the present example, the fourth gesture ischaracterized by bringing only the tag B into proximity with the datainterface 104 and moving the tag B downwardly. If the decision block 324determines that the fourth gesture is being made, control passes to ablock 326 and the prosthesis 102, 202 is controlled to implement afunction Z. In the present example, the function Z is to turn down thevolume on the prosthesis 102, 202. Thereafter, control passes back tothe start 302. Control also passes back to the start 302 if the decisionblock 324 determines that the fourth gesture is not being made.

In another example, the blocks 320-326 may also take into account alength of time that the tag B is held after being moved upwardly ordownwardly. In the present example, the length of time that the tag B isheld may correspond to a level of the volume increase or decrease and/ormay correspond to a speed of the volume increase or decrease.

Various modifications may be made to the illustrative example of FIG. 5without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. Forexample, the algorithm 300 may detect the presence of additional orfewer tags and/or gestures. The algorithm 300 may also take into accountdifferent characteristics of the gestures to further control differentfunctions of the hearing prosthesis 102, 202. For example, the speed,direction, acceleration, and/or distance traveled of the gestures may betaken into account to control the different functions. Utilizing suchcharacteristics, one or more tags may be used as input devices tocontrol complex functions of the devices and/or to input data to thedevice. Further, additional, fewer, and/or different functions may beperformed in any suitable order in response to the variousdeterminations.

In some embodiments, the disclosed features and functions of thesystems, methods, and algorithms shown and described herein may beimplemented as computer program instructions encoded on a computerreadable media in a machine-readable format.

FIG. 6 shows an example of an article of manufacture 360 includingcomputer readable media with instructions 362 for controlling one ormore functions of a hearing prosthesis 102 in accordance with controlsignals induced wirelessly by one or more tags 128 disposed on a user.FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustrating a conceptual partial view of anexample article of manufacture 360 that may include computer programinstructions 362 for executing a computer process on a computing device,arranged according to at least some embodiments described herein.

In some examples, the article of manufacture 360 may include acomputer-readable medium 364, such as, but not limited to, a hard diskdrive, a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Video Disk (DVD), a digital tape,flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the article of manufacture360 may include a computer recordable medium 366, such as, but notlimited to, a hard disk drive, a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Video Disk(DVD), a digital tape, flash memory, etc.

The one or more programming instructions 362 may include, for example,computer executable and/or logic implemented instructions. In someembodiments, a computing device such as the computing device 124 shownand described in FIG. 1, alone or in combination with one or moreadditional processors or computing devices, may be configured to performcertain operations, functions, or actions to implement the features andfunctionality of the disclosed systems and methods based at least inpart on the programming instructions 362. In still other embodiments,the processor 108 of the prosthesis 102, alone or in combination withone or more other processors associated with the prosthesis, may beconfigured to perform various operations, functions, or actions toimplement the features and functionality of the disclosed systems andmethods based at least in part on the programming instructions 362.

While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, otheraspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art.The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes ofillustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scopeand spirit being indicated by the following claims.

Further, while various aspects and embodiments of the present disclosurehave been described with particular reference to hearing prostheses, thepresent disclosure contemplates application of the concepts disclosedherein to other types of devices. Such devices may include, for example,other medical devices that may or may not be implanted in a recipient.Some non-limiting examples of such medical devices include pacemakers,cardioverter-defibrillators, drug delivery systems, etc. In addition,the present disclosure may find application in the manipulation andcontrol of non-medical devices, such as audio/video equipment,smartphones, touch pads, household fixtures, and the like. Depending onthe device, different functions and/or modes can be controlled utilizingone or more tags.

Further, as discussed above, a device, for example, the hearingprosthesis 102 of FIG. 1, may be configured to detect the presence ofone or more tags 128 brought into proximity with the data interface 104.The term proximity is a general term and an actual distance between thetag(s) 128 and the data interface 104 needed to detect the tags maydepend on the configuration of the tags and the data interface and thespecific device. In the example of the hearing prosthesis 102, thedevice may be configured such that the data interface 104 will detectthe tag(s) 128 when the tag(s) are within about 4 cm or less of the datainterface. However, in other examples with other devices, tags may bedetected at shorter or farther distances.

1. (canceled)
 2. A hearing system, comprising: a first portionconfigured to be implanted in a recipient of the hearing system, whereinthe first portion includes a data interface and a processor; and asecond portion configured to be disposed on or worn by the recipient,wherein the second portion includes a passive circuit, wherein thesecond portion is powered by wireless signals, wherein the datainterface is configured to receive a set of signals consisting ofsignal(s) wirelessly induced by the passive circuit while the passivecircuit is within about 4 centimeters or less of the data interface, andwherein the processor is configured to perform a function of the hearingsystem in response to the set of wirelessly induced signals.
 3. Thehearing system of claim 2, wherein the passive circuit includes apiezoelectric material.
 4. The hearing system of claim 2, wherein thedata interface includes one or more antennas.
 5. The hearing system ofclaim 2, wherein the second portion includes a biocompatible protectivelayer that allows electrical and magnetic fields to be transmittedtherethrough.
 6. The hearing system of claim 2, wherein the passivecircuit includes at least one inductor and at least one capacitor. 7.The hearing system of claim 2, further comprising a microphoneconfigured to receive acoustic signals and an output signal interfaceconfigured to transmit output signals to the recipient of the hearingsystem, wherein the processor is further configured to encode theacoustic signals to produce the output signals.
 8. The hearing system ofclaim 7, wherein the processor being configured to perform a function ofthe hearing system includes the processor being configured to operatethe hearing system, in response to the set of wirelessly inducedsignals, in an omnidirectional microphone mode or in a directionalmicrophone mode.
 9. The hearing system of claim 8, wherein the processoris configured to operate the hearing system in the directionalmicrophone mode by processing acoustic signals received by the one ormore microphones from a particular direction to produce the outputsignals, and wherein the processor is configured to operate the hearingsystem in the omnidirectional microphone mode by processing acousticsignals received omnidirectionally by the one or more microphones toproduce the output signals.
 10. A method, comprising: operating a firstcomponent of a hearing system without a power source directly coupledthereto; scanning, by a second component of the hearing system, forsignals induced wirelessly by the first component while the firstcomponent is within about 4 centimeters or less of the second component;and controlling the second component based on the wirelessly inducedsignals, wherein the second component is implanted in a recipient of thesecond component.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the scanningincludes the second component generating signal pulses that interactwith the first component to generate the wirelessly induced signals. 12.The method of claim 11, wherein the second component includes one ormore antennas, and wherein the scanning includes the one or moreantennas generating the signal pulses that interact with the firstcomponent to generate the wirelessly induced signals.
 13. The method ofclaim 12, further wherein the first component includes a passivecircuit, and wherein the generated signal pulses interact with thepassive circuit to generate the wirelessly induced signals.
 14. Themethod of claim 13, wherein the passive circuit includes a piezoelectricmaterial, and wherein the generated signal pulses interact with thepiezoelectric material to generate the wirelessly induced signals. 15.The method of claim 13, wherein the passive circuit includes an LCcircuit, and wherein the generated signal pulses interact with the LCcircuit to generate the wirelessly induced signals.
 16. The method ofclaim 10, wherein the hearing system includes one or more microphonesand an output signal interface, wherein the method further comprises:receiving, by the one or more microphones, acoustic signals; andprocessing the acoustic signals to produce output signals, wherein theoutput signal interface is configured to transmit the output signals tothe recipient of the hearing system.
 17. The method of claim 16, whereincontrolling the second component based on the wirelessly induced signalsincludes controlling the second component to operate in anomnidirectional microphone mode or in a directional microphone mode. 18.The method of claim 17, wherein controlling the second component tooperate in the directional microphone mode includes processing acousticsignals received by the one or more microphones from a particulardirection to produce the output signals, and wherein controlling thesecond component to operate in the omnidirectional microphone modeincludes processing acoustic signals received omnidirectionally by theone or more microphones to produce the output signals.